Tuesday, June 12, 2012

მინიატურული კამერა


მინიატურული კამერა


სამედიცინო პრაქტიკაში ერთჯერადი ხელთათმანების, ინსტრუმენტებისა და მასალების გამოყენების პრაქტიკა უკვე აღარავის აცვიფრებს, მაგრამ ერთჯერადი მინიატურული კამერა-ზონდის გამოჩენამ მედიცინა ახალ დონეზე შეიძლება აიყვანოს.
მიკროსკოპული კამერა ბერლინში მდებარე ფრაუნჰოფერის ინსტიტუტის მკვლევარებისა და კომპანიის Awaiba GmbH ერთობლივი მუშაობის შედეგია, იენში არსებული გამოყენებითი ოპტიკისა და ზუსტი მექანიკის ინსტიტუტის მხარდაჭერით.
ციფრული კამერა ორი კომპონენტისგან შედგება: ობიექტივი და მრიცხველი, რომელიც გამოსახულებას ელექტრულ სიგნალებად გარდაქმნის.
გამოსახულების მრიცხველის ფენის ფართობი სულ რაღაც 1 მილიმეტრია. ამ ფენის ზემოთ დაყენებულია ობიექტივი, ხოლო კამერის საერთო ზომა 1 კუბ.მმ-ია. ეს ყველაზე მინიატურული კამერაა მათ შორის, რომლებიც აქამდე იყო გამოგონებული, და მისი ზომა მარილის მარცვალს არ აღემატება.
რაც შეეხება ღირებულებას, შემქმნელების განცხადებით, მსგავსი ტიპის კამერების დამზადება ძალიან იაფია წარმოების ახალი ტიპის წყალობით, ასე, რომ შეიძლება ვივარაუდოთ, რომ ისინი ერთჯერადი იქნება.
მედიცინის გარდა, მიკროკამერებით საავტომობილო წარმოების წარმომადგენლებიც დაინტერესდნენ. ვარაუდობენ, რომ ავტომობილებში გვერდითა უკანა ხედვის სარკეების მიკროკამერებით შეცვლისას ჰაერის წინაღობა შემცირდება და შესაბამისად, ენერგიის დანახარჯიც. ამას გარდა, სალონში დაყენებული მიკროკამერა მძღოლის თვალების მოძრაობის განსაზღვრას შესძლებს და რამოდენიმე წამის განმავლობაში დაძინებაში შეუშლის ხელს.
მინიატურული კამერების მასიური წარმოება უკვე მომავალი წლისთვისაა დაგეგმილი.

Bill Gates

William Henry "Bill" Gates III (born October 28, 1955) is an American business magnate, computer programmer and philanthropist. Gates is the former chief executive and current chairman of Microsoft, the world’s largest personal-computer software company he co-founded with Paul Allen. He is consistently ranked among the world's wealthiest people and was the wealthiest overall from 1995 to 2009, excluding 2008, when he was ranked third; in 2011 he was the wealthiest American and the second wealthiest person. During his career at Microsoft, Gates held the positions of CEO and chief software architect, and remains the largest individual shareholder, with 6.4 percent of the common stock. He has also authored or co-authored several books. Gates is one of the best-known entrepreneurs of the personal computer revolution. Gates has been criticized for his business tactics, which have been considered anti-competitive, an opinion which has in some cases been upheld by the courts. In the later stages of his career, Gates has pursued a number of philanthropic endeavors, donating large amounts of money to various charitable organizations and scientific research programs through the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, established in 2000.Gates stepped down as chief executive officer of Microsoft in January 2000. He remained as chairman and created the position of chief software architect. In June 2006, Gates announced that he would be transitioning from full-time work at Microsoft to part-time work, and full-time work at the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. He gradually transferred his duties to Ray Ozzie, chief software architect, and Craig Mundie, chief research and strategy officer. Gates's last full-time day at Microsoft was June 27, 2008. He remains at Microsoft as non-executive chairman.

Steve Jobs

Steven Paul "Steve" Jobs (/ˈdʒɒbz/; February 24, 1955 – October 5, 2011) was an American businessman, designer and inventor. He is best known as the co-founder, chairman, and chief executive officer of Apple Inc. Through Apple, he was widely recognized as a charismatic pioneer of the personal computer revolution and for his influential career in the computer and consumer electronics fields. Jobs also co-founded and served as chief executive of Pixar Animation Studios; he became a member of the board of directors of The Walt Disney Company in 2006, when Disney acquired Pixar. In the late 1970s, Apple co-founder Steve Wozniak engineered one of the first commercially successful lines of personal computers, the Apple II series. Jobs was among the first to see the commercial potential of Xerox PARC's mouse-driven graphical user interface, which led to the creation of the Apple Lisa and, one year later, the Macintosh. During this period he also led efforts that would begin the desktop publishing revolution, notably through the introduction of the LaserWriter and the associated PageMaker software. After losing a power struggle with the board of directors in 1985, Jobs left Apple and founded NeXT, a computer platform development company specializing in the higher-education and business markets. In 1986, he acquired the computer graphics division of Lucasfilm, which was spun off as Pixar. He was credited in Toy Story (1995) as an executive producer. He remained CEO and majority shareholder at 50.1 percent until its acquisition by The Walt Disney Company in 2006, making Jobs Disney's largest individual shareholder at seven percent and a member of Disney's Board of Directors. After difficulties developing a new Mac operating system, Apple purchased NeXT in 1996 in order to use NeXTSTEP as the basis for what became Mac OS X. As part of the deal Jobs was named Apple advisor. As Apple floundered, Jobs took control of the company and was named "interim CEO" in 1997, or as he jokingly referred to it, "iCEO". Under his leadership, Apple was saved from near bankruptcy, and became profitable by 1998. Over the next decade, Jobs oversaw the development of the iMac, iTunes, iPod, iPhone, and iPad, and on the services side, the company's Apple Retail Stores, iTunes Store and the App Store. The success of these products and services, providing several years of stable financial returns, propelled Apple to become the world's most valuable publicly traded company in 2011.[18] The reinvigoration of the company is regarded by many commentators as one of the greatest turnarounds in business history. In 2003, Jobs was diagnosed with a pancreas neuroendocrine tumor. Though it was initially treated, he reported a hormone imbalance, underwent a liver transplant in 2009, and appeared progressively thinner as his health declined.[22] On medical leave for most of 2011, Jobs resigned as Apple CEO in August that year and was elected Chairman of the Board. He died of respiratory arrest related to his metastatic tumor on October 5, 2011.

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